Important notices

Food, alcohol, electricity, batteries, machinery, structures, plumbing, pressure systems and manufactured products can involve serious safety, legal and regulatory risks. Follow applicable laws, product instructions and accepted safe practices.

Vaelden calculators are planning aids. They do not provide structural, electrical, plumbing, medical, legal, financial or other licensed professional advice. Formula pages state important boundaries, but no short calculator can account for every site, material, person, product or jurisdiction.

Check before committing

Verify dimensions and units, inspect source data, use appropriate tolerances, and confirm safety-critical decisions with suitably qualified people.